Infectious Disease Reporting and Data | Vermont Department of Health

In This Section:

Vermont’s list of reportable diseases and the time frames in which they are required to be reported to the Health Department are specified in Vermont law (Reportable and Communicable Disease Rule).

The Vermont Department of Health depends on reports of diseases and conditions of public health concern to protect the health of Vermont residents. Timely reporting ensures that cases of communicable disease can be investigated quickly so steps can be taken to prevent the spread of the disease. Organizations and professionals who know or suspect that a person has (or has died of) a disease dangerous to the public’s health are required to report to the Health Department.

Health care providers and laboratories are required by law to notify the Health Department regarding patients with certain suspected or confirmed reportable diseases. Both laboratory confirmed and clinical diagnoses are reportable within 24 hours. Immediate reporting is essential for a limited number of conditions that require prompt public health follow-up (like measles and meningococcal disease), and for diseases that might indicate a bioterrorism incident.

Reportable and Communicable Disease Rule

Who must report?

Infection preventionists
Health care providers
Laboratory directors
Nurses
Nurse practitioners
Physician assistants
Physicians
School health officials
Administrators of long-term care and assisted living facilities
Any other health care provider, as defined by 18 V.S.A 9402
Veterinarians (for reportable animal diseases)

What diseases must be reported?

To Report:

Call by phone for all immediately reportable findings.

Phone: The Infectious Disease Program at 802-863-7240 or 1-800-640-4374 (within Vermont only) from 7:45 a.m. through 4:30 p.m. on business days. An epidemiologist is available 24/7 for diseases that require prompt public health follow-up or consultation.

Electronic Case Reporting (eCR): Automated case reporting to the Health Department.

Fax: Health Care professionals can fax paper reports to the Epidemiology Program's confidential fax at 802-951-4061.

Download a PDF of the Reportable Disease list.

Disease	Reporting Timeline
Anaplasmosis	within 24 hours
Animal Bites	within 24 hours
AIDS	within 24 hours
Anthrax	immediately
Arboviral illness	within 24 hours
Babesiosis	within 24 hours
Blood lead levels	within 24 hours
Borrelia miyamotoi infection	within 24 hours
Botulism	immediately
Brucellosis	immediately
Campylobacteriosis	within 24 hours
Candida auris	within 24 hours
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), including susceptibility results	within 24 hours
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), including susceptibility results	within 24 hours
Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), including susceptibility results	within 24 hours
Chlamydia trachomatis infection	within 24 hours
Cholera	immediately
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)	immediately
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease/transmissible spongiform encephalopathies	within 24 hours
Cryptosporidiosis	within 24 hours
Cyclosporiasis	within 24 hours
Dengue	within 24 hours
Diphtheria	immediately
Eastern equine encephalitis illness	within 24 hours
Ehrlichiosis	within 24 hours
Glanders	immediately
Gonorrhea	within 24 hours
Guillain-Barré Syndrome	within 24 hours
Haemophilus influenzae disease, invasive	immediately
Hantavirus disease	within 24 hours
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)	within 24 hours
Hepatitis A	immediately
Hepatitis B	within 24 hours
Hepatitis C	within 24 hours
Hepatitis E	within 24 hours
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)	within 24 hours
Influenza, pediatric influenza-related deaths	within 24 hours
Individual cases of influenza only if due to a novel strain of Influenza A	immediately
Pediatric influenza-related deaths	within 24 hours
Institutional outbreaks*	within 24 hours
Jamestown Canyon virus disease	within 24 hours
Legionellosis	within 24 hours
Leptospirosis	within 24 hours
Listeriosis	within 24 hours
Lyme disease	within 24 hours
Malaria	within 24 hours
Measles (Rubeola)	immediately
Melioidosis	immediately
Meningitis, bacterial	within 24 hours
Meningococcal disease	immediately
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)	immediately
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)	immediately
Mumps	within 24 hours
Pertussis (whooping cough)	within 24 hours
Plague	immediately
Poliovirus infection, including poliomyelitis	immediately
Powassan virus disease	within 24 hours
Psittacosis	within 24 hours
Q Fever	within 24 hours
Rabies, animal cases	within 24 hours
Rabies, human	immediately
Rabies post exposure treatment in humans (irrespective of evidence of rabies)	within 24 hours
Reye syndrome	within 24 hours
Spotted fever rickettsiosis	within 24 hours
Rubella (German Measles)	immediately
Rubella, congenital rubella syndrome	within 24 hours
Salmonellosis	within 24 hours
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)	immediately
Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC)	within 24 hours
Shigellosis	within 24 hours
Smallpox (variola)	immediately
Streptococcal disease, Group A, invasive	within 24 hours
Streptococcal disease, Group B invasive (infants less than one month of age)	within 24 hours
Streptococcus pneumoniae disease, invasive	within 24 hours
Syphilis	within 24 hours
Tetanus	within 24 hours
Toxic shock syndrome	within 24 hours
Trichinosis	within 24 hours
Tuberculosis infection, latent	within 24 hours
Tuberculosis disease	within 24 hours
Tularemia	immediately
Typhoid fever	immediately
Vaccinia (disease or adverse event)	within 24 hours
Varicella (chicken pox only)	within 24 hours
Viral hemorrhagic fever	immediately
Vibriosis	within 24 hours
West Nile virus illness	within 24 hours
Yellow fever	within 24 hours
Yersiniosis	within 24 hours
Zika virus infection	within 24 hours

* Examples of institutions include long-term care facility, school, child care facility, correctional facility, shelter, camp, hospital, and day care centers.

What laboratory findings must be reported?

To Report:

Laboratory findings should be reported via electronic laboratory reporting. For immediately reportable findings, call the Infectious Disease Program at 802-863-7240 or 1-800-640-4374 (with Vermont only), available 24/7.

Download a PDF of the Reportable Disease list.

Disease	Reporting Timeline
Anaplasma phagocytophilum	within 24 hours
Arboviruses	within 24 hours
Babesia microti	within 24 hours
Bacillus anthracis	immediately
Blood lead levels (all results, including undetectable)	within 24 hours
Bordetella pertussis	within 24 hours
Borrelia burgdorferi	within 24 hours
Borrelia mayonii	within 24 hours
Borrelia miyamotoi	within 24 hours
Brucella species	immediately
Burkholderia mallei	immediately
Burkholderia pseudomallei	immediately
Campylobacter species	within 24 hours
Candida auris	within 24 hours
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), including susceptibility results	within 24 hours
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), including susceptibility results	within 24 hours
Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), including susceptibility results	within 24 hours
CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and percentages (all results)	within 24 hours
Chlamydia psittaci	within 24 hours
Chlamydia trachomatis	within 24 hours
Clostridium botulinum	immediately
Clostridium tetani	within 24 hours
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)	within 24 hours
Corynebacterium diphtheriae	immediately
Coxiella burnetii	within 24 hours
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease/transmissible spongiform encephalopathies	within 24 hours
Cryptosporidium species	within 24 hours
CSF cultures (all positive findings)	within 24 hours
Cyclospora cayetanensis	within 24 hours
Dengue virus	within 24 hours
Eastern equine encephalitis virus	within 24 hours
Ehrlichia species	within 24 hours
Francisella tularensis	immediately
Haemophilus influenzae, isolated from a normally sterile site	within 24 hours
Hantavirus	within 24 hours
Hemorrhagic fever viruses	immediately
Hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV IgM)	within 24 hours
Hepatitis B virus (HBsAg, anti-HBcIgM, HBeAg, HBV DNA)	within 24 hours
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)	within 24 hours
Hepatitis E virus (IgM anti-HEV)	within 24 hours
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): Includes the following: HIV viral load measurement (including non-detectable results) All HIV subtype and HIV nucleotide sequence data from antiretroviral drug resistance testing	within 24 hours
Jamestown Canyon virus	within 24 hours
Legionella species	within 24 hours
Leptospira species	within 24 hours
Listeria monocytogenes	within 24 hours
Measles virus	immediately
MERS CoV	immediately
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (including positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test results	within 24 hours
Mumps virus	within 24 hours
Neisseria gonorrhoeae	within 24 hours
Neisseria meningitidis, isolated from a normally sterile site	immediately
Plasmodium species	within 24 hours
Polio virus	immediately
Powassan virus	within 24 hours
Rabies virus	immediately
Rickettsia species	within 24 hours
Ricin toxin (from Ricinus communis (castor beans))	within 24 hours
Rubella virus	within 24 hours
Salmonella species	within 24 hours
SARS-CoV/SARS - associated virus	immediately
SARS-CoV-2 (All results including positive, negative, and indeterminate)	immediately
Shigella species	within 24 hours
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)	immediately
Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC) (including O157:H7)	within 24 hours
Smallpox (variola)	immediately
Streptococcus, Group A, isolated from a normally sterile site	within 24 hours
Streptococcus, Group B, isolated from a normally sterile site (infants less than one month of age)	within 24 hours
Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin resistant (VRSA) and vancomycin intermediate (VISA), including susceptibility results	within 24 hours
Streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated from a normally sterile site, including susceptibility results	within 24 hours
Treponema pallidum and all confirmatory tests for syphilis that result from an initial positive screening test, regardless of result (positive and negative)	within 24 hours
Trichinella spiralis	within 24 hours
Varicella virus	within 24 hours
Vibrio species	within 24 hours
West Nile virus	within 24 hours
Yellow fever virus	within 24 hours
Yersinia enterocolitica	within 24 hours
Yersinia pestis	immediately
Zika virus	within 24 hours

What animal diseases must be reported?

To Report:

Contact the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Program at 802-863-7240 or 800-640-4374 (within Vermont only) from 7:45 a.m. through 4:30 p.m. on business days. An epidemiologist is available 24/7 for diseases that require prompt public health follow-up.

Download a PDF of the Reportable Disease list.

Disease	Reporting Timeline
Anthrax	within 24 hours
Arboviral: eastern equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, West Nile virus	within 24 hours
Avian Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis, Ornithosis)	within 24 hours
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy	within 24 hours
Brucellosis (Brucella species)	within 24 hours
Glanders (Burkholderia mallei)	within 24 hours
Hantavirus	within 24 hours
Hendra virus	within 24 hours
Highly pathogenic avian influenza	within 24 hours
Melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei)	within 24 hours
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	within 24 hours
Nipah virus	within 24 hours
Plague (Yersinia pestis)	within 24 hours
Q Fever (Coxiella burnetti)	within 24 hours
Rabies	within 24 hours
Ricin toxin (from Ricinus communis, i.e., castor beans)	within 24 hours
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)	within 24 hours
Typhus fever (Rickettsia prowazekii)	within 24 hours
Cryptosporidiosis	within 24 hours

How to report diseases and laboratory findings.

Call: The Infectious Disease Program at 802-863-7240 or 1-800-640-4374 (within Vermont only) from 7:45 a.m. through 4:30 p.m. on business days. An epidemiologist is available 24/7 for diseases that require prompt public health follow-up or consultation.

Report online: Health care professionals can use a secure online report form for conditions that are not immediately notifiable.

Do not use this form for immediately notifiable conditions or Lyme disease. Clinical information for cases of Lyme disease no longer needs to be reported to the Health Department; instead, laboratory evidence of infection is required to be counted in surveillance estimates in Vermont. Please see 2022 Health Advisory for more information.

Electronic Case Reporting (eCR): Automated case reporting to the Health Department.

Fax: Health Care professionals can fax paper reports for not immediately notifiable conditions to the Epidemiology Program's confidential fax at 802-951-4061.

Laboratory Findings: Use electronic laboratory reporting or for immediately reportable findings, call the Infectious Disease Program at 802-863-7240 or 1-800-640-4374 (VT only), available 24/7.